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Introduction to difference between OOP and POP

Here in this blog of the difference between OOP and POP. OOP stands for, Object Oriented Programming and POP stands for, Procedural Oriented Programming. Both are high-level programming languages that solve a problem with different approaches. These approaches are known as programming paradigms in technical terms. A programmer can use different approaches to solve a particular problem. This is the point where programming languages come into the picture. With a proper program it is easy to solve the problem using the right approach, or ‘paradigm.’ Object-oriented programming and procedural-oriented programming are two such paradigms.

The significant difference between OOP and POP is that POP follows a top-down approach, whereas OOP follows a bottom-up approach. The main difference between OOP and POP is that structured programming allows the development of a program using a set of modules or functions. In contrast, object-oriented programming allows the construction of a program using a set of objects and their interactions.

Object-oriented programming is more secure than procedural oriented programming because of the level of data-hiding property or abstraction. It limits data access to the member functions of the same class. Whereas there is no such data hiding in the procedural oriented programming.

Object-oriented programming languages are faster and much more effective than procedural programming languages this is a major difference between OOP and POP. Procedural programming uses procedures, modules, and procedure calls. Object-oriented programming uses objects, classes, and messages.

What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

Object-oriented programming, known as OOP, is a computer programming model that constructs software designs using data or objects instead of functions and logic. An object is a data field that has specific properties and behavior. This programming approach is well-suited for large, complex, and actively updated or maintained programs. It includes programs like manufacture and design, as well as mobile applications.

The organizations that use object-oriented programming also make the process that are beneficial for collective development. Object Oriented Programming includes code reusability, scalability, and efficiency. The first step in Object-oriented programming is to collect all the objects that a programmer needs to manipulate and identify how they relate to each other.

This is called data modeling. Examples of an object can be in the form of physical entities, such as a human being described by properties like name and address, or a small computer program, like widgets. Once an object is defined, it is labeled with a class of objects, Which defines what kind of data it contains. Each different logic sequence is known as a method a main difference between OOP and POP.  

Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

There are numerous advantages of Object Oriented Programming some of them are as follows:

• We can start building the programs from standard working modules. It is not necessary to start writing the code from the basics, which saves development time and give higher productivity.
• OOP allows dividing the program into small problems that can be solved quickly.
• The advanced technology promises great programmer productivity and better software with less maintenance cost.
• OOP systems, easily upgraded from small to large.
• Multiple instances of objects may coexist without any interference
• It is simple to divide the work in projects that are based on objects.
• The principle of encapsulation helps the programmer to build secure programs in which the code cannot breach the other parts of the program.
• With the help of inheritance, we can eliminate unnecessary code and extend the use of existing classes.
• Message-passing techniques are used to communicate between objects, making the interface descriptions with external systems much more simple.
• The data-centered design approach enables us to have more details of the model in a feasible form.

Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

• The length of the programs developed using OOP is much larger than the procedural approach. Since the program becomes more significant in size, it requires more time to execute, which leads to slower program execution.
• We can only apply OOP in some places as it is not a universal language. It is used only when it is required. It is only suitable for some problems.
• Programmers need to have brilliant designing and programming skills along with proper planning because using OOP is a little tricky.
• OOP, takes time to get used to. Understanding the thought process used in object-oriented programming may not be easy for everyone.
• Everything is treated as an object in OOP, so to use it we have to be excellent in thinking in terms of objects.

Structure of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

The structure, of object-oriented programming include the following:

• Classes: Classes are user-defined data types that act like a blueprint for different objects, attributes, and methods.
• Objects: Objects are samples of a class created with particularly defined data. Objects can correspond to real-world objects or abstract entities.
• Methods: Methods are functions defined within a class that describe the behavior of an object. Each method contained in class definitions starts concerning a sample object. Programmers use methods for reusability of one object at a time.
• Attributes: Attributes are defined for the class to represent the state and quality of a class and object. It can also refer to a particular value for a given instance of that property.

What is Procedural Oriented Programming (POP)?

Procedural Oriented Programming is a paradigm that uses a linear or top-down approach. It depends on procedures or subroutines to perform computation.

Procedural oriented programming is also known as imperative programming. Procedural oriented Programming may be the basic programming paradigm that will be learned by a new developer. The procedural code is the one that instructs a device to finish a task systematically. This paradigm uses a linear top-down approach that treats data and procedures as two separate entities. Procedural Programming divides the program into small parts on the basis of the functions.

Simply put, Procedural Oriented Programming involves making a list of instructions to tell the computer what it should do to finish the task.

Advantages of Procedural Oriented Programming (POP)?

• Procedural Programming is excellent for general-purpose programming.
• The coded simplicity, along with the ease of implementation of compilers and interpreters.
• A large variety of books and online course materials are available on tested algorithms, making learning easier along the way.
• The available data is portable. Therefore, it can move freely within a system from one function to another.
• Through the Procedural oriented Programming technique, the memory requirement is also severe.
• The program flow can be tracked easily.

Disadvantages of Procedural Oriented Programming (POP)?

• The program code is harder to write in Procedural Programming.
• The Procedural code does not have the feature of reusability, which may lead to recreate the code if it is needed in another application.
• It is difficult to relate it with real-world objects.
• The importance is given to the functions instead of data, which may create issues in some data-sensitive cases.
• The data is vulnerable to the whole program, making it not so security friendly.

Key Features of Procedural Oriented Programming (POP)?

The key features of procedural oriented programming are given below:

• Predefined functions: A predefined function is an instruction that is identified by a name. Usually, the predefined functions are built into a program software, It is not created by a programmer. It exists in the software to carry out common tasks.
• Local Variable: The variable that is declared in the specific part of a program. It can only be used in the function where it is defined, and if it were used outside the described method, the code would cease to work.
• Global Variable: The variable that is declared outside all other functions defined in the code. Due to this, global variables can be visible in all other functions, unlike local variables.
• Modularity: Modularity is when two different systems have different tasks at hand but are combined to conclude a more significant task. A system’s lack of modularity affects the functioning of the task.
• Parameter Passing: Parameter Passing is a mechanism to pass parameters to a module. Parameter Passing can be done through ‘pass by value, ‘pass by reference, ‘pass by result,’ ‘pass by value-result,’ and ‘pass by name.’ It allows the value of local variables to be accessed within a function.

What are some difference between OOP and POP?

There are a lot of difference between OOP and POP, both these programming languages have their own significances and uses, let us now look at these difference between OOP and POP one-by-one.

Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Object-oriented Programming is a programming language that uses class and object to create models based on the real-world environment.
• In OOPs, it is easy to maintain and modify existing code because Inheritance helps in creating new objects from existing ones.
• In OOPs, the concept of objects and classes is introduced; hence, the program is divided into small chunks called objects, which are instances of classes.
• In OOPs, access modifiers are introduced as Private, Public, and Protected.
• In OOPs, data hiding is possible due to abstraction, which makes it more secure than POP.
• Due to modularity in their programs, OOP is less complex. So, from existing objects new data objects can be created easily.

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP)

• Procedural Oriented Programming is a programming language that follows a step-by-step approach to break down a task into a collection of variables and routines or subroutines through a sequence of instructions. Each step is carried out in a systematic manner so that a computer can understand what to do.
• In POP, the main program is divided into small programs based on the functions and is treated as a separate program for individual smaller programs.
• In POP modifiers are not introduced.
• POP is less secure as compared to OOPs.
• There are no simple processes to add data in POP, without revising the whole program.

All the difference between OOP and POP are listed above, these points will surely help you to understand the core difference between OOP and POP.

Also Read: Power Function in C++

Conclusion

The two major programming paradigms, OOP and POP, are the most used languages and have some difference between OOP and POP. We have tried to clarify both concepts with significant differences between OOP and POP.

On comparing the difference between OOP and POP, Object Oriented Programming makes programming more accessible. It has an array of values, including reusability, efficiency, and code maintenance. While understanding OOP, its ideas may be complicated initially but the payoff will be well worth the efforts. I hope this post will help you to understand those topics more clearly. Object and Procedural programming paradigms are frequently opposite.